Mapping the Subsurface: Seismic Reflection Interpretation

In which the scope and aims of the course are given and any particular interests of participants are noted, to be accommodated if possible within the course framework. Different applications of seismic interpretation are introduced, from deep earth structure, through hydrocarbon exploration, to carbon capture and near-surface investigations.

In which examples of project workflows are given, showing how seismic data is used in combination with other data types. Principles of seismic reflections are introduced, with illustrations of how these affect what can be seen in the data. Basic overviews of acquisition and processing are covered, and the ways in which these are adapted for different applications are discussed.

A short practical exercise introduces participants to the questions interpreters consider when starting an interpretation, and allows them to interpret a simple seismic section.

Brief overview of the geological structures – folds, faults and fractures – that can be seen in seismic data. Special considerations and pitfalls relating to structural features are mentioned.

Brief overview of the expression of stratigraphic features in seismic data, with reference to reflection geometry, terminations and character. Principles of sequence stratigraphy are introduced.

In this part of the course, we develop beyond the interpretation of 2D sections to 3D volumes. Now that participants have seen how interpreters outline subsurface geometries, they are introduced to the additional information that can be gained from the seismic data by the use of seismic attributes, AVO and inversion techniques. Conversion from time- to depth-domains is discussed, leading to the integration of seismic interpretation with other geological data to produce detailed geological models. In this section in particular, geophysical software used for these techniques may be mentioned. The course concludes with a discussion of the uncertainties inherent in both the seismic data and the process of interpretation.

Professionals in other disciplines who collaborate with geophysicists and want to know more about the interpretations they work with.

Also suitable for students/novices with little or no experience, wanting a broad introduction to seismic data and interpretation.

• Understand what seismic data is and applications for which it can be used
• Understand the strengths and limitations of seismic data for investigating the subsurface
• Become familiar with the appearance of seismic sections and undertake simple interpretation of structural and stratigraphic features
• Understand types of information other than simple interpretation that can be derived from seismic data
• Understand ways in which seismic interpretation can be integrated with other disciplines to produce a geological model