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Scientific work

Moore published papers for thirty years, the first in 1851 at the age of 37 and the last shortly before he died in 1881. In many of these papers, he described new species or identified continental species for the first time in this country.

Another such original discovery, and the one for which Moore is best known, is that of the presence of the Rhaetic beds in England. This discovery came about from the study of the quarries near Ilminster and specifically the beds at Beer Crocombe, where he was successful in collecting many new fossil species.

His findings were eventually published in 1861 in a paper entitled ‘On the zones of the Lower Lias and on the Avicula contorta Zone’, where he proposed adopting the term Rhaetic to apply to the British formation, suggesting its equivalence to the continental Rhaetian.

Moore made many contributions to geology and entered into many debates within the geological community. Using his extensive knowledge of local strata and fauna he was able to correctly determine the disputed ages of various formations in Britain, such as the White Lias and Sutton Stones of South Wales.

          Moore

The area around Beer Crocombe (one inch to 1 mile geological maps of England and Wales: Sheet 21, 1885)




Moore
'Section of a Portion of Eozoon Canadense' 
Dawson, J.W. (1875) Life's dawn on earth : being the history of the oldest known fossil remains, and their relation to geological time and to the development of the animal kingdom
                      

Never one to shy away from controversy, the paper that Moore was working on at the time of his death was on the then hotly-debated topic of Eozoon. 

Now known to be a form of interlayered calcite and serpentine found in Precambrian metamorphosed limestones, it was originally thought to be the remains of a giant fossil protozoan, which would have made it the oldest fossil known and proof of the existence of Precambrian life.

When the debate first began in 1858 Moore was sceptical, believing the Eozoon specimens to be ‘a mineralised or metamorphosed condition of rock-structure’, but he chose to keep an open mind about the subject, conceding that new evidence may prove him wrong.

When Moore entered into the controversy some sixteen years later, he found himself at a disadvantage with only limited specimens to examine. Moore had sections of rock cut to examine under the microscope and also dissolved specimens with the aim of finding organic residues.

Moore presented a paper on Eozoon at the 50th Meeting of the British Association at Swansea in 1880, where he described in detail his examination of an alleged specimen of Eozoon. He concluded the paper by drawing parallels between Eozoon and foraminifera, apparently having been wrongly convinced not only of its organic nature, but that it was a member of the animal kingdom and, therefore, an example of the oldest known fossil.

The debate over the nature of Eozoon was a significant episode in the history of palaeontology but its identification as a pseudofossil was sadly not determined until after Moore’s death.

 

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